Japanese Durga (Juntei Kannon or Chandi)

In Japan, it is held that Juntei Kannon or 'Chandi' is a feminine form of Avalokiteshvara, and revered as the 'Mother of Buddhas.' Alicia Matsunaga states quoting Prof. Goto Daiyu that the Hindu deity Durga might have been a prototype for the bodhisattva in the role of motherhood.' Dr. Ryuken Sawa also mentions that this deity is generally called 'Juntei Butsubo (Chundibhagavati),' or 'Shichigutei-Butsubo (Sanskrit: Saptakotibuddhamatr)' literally meaning the Mother of 70,000 Buddhas.

In the Hanchi-in of the Taizo-kai Mandara, Juntei is portrayed as having eighteen arms, as represented in this work of art. The text Shichigutei-Butsubo-Juntei-Darani-Kyo describes the deity as having eighteen arms and a third eye. Another text Shichigutei-Butsubo-Juntei-Daimyo-Darani-kyo describes that "A girdle is tied around her waist. Of her eighteen arms the two principal ones hold a wish-fulfilling jewel while performing the namaskar mudra. Two other hands perform the abhaya mudra. The other hands hold the following: a flaming sword, a wheel of the Law, a rosary, a fruit, an axe, an elephant goad (ankusa), a vajra and a pendant (Japanese nyo-i hoto) a lotus, a vase, a rope, a ring, a conch shell, and a sutra box."

Chandi was originally a solar deity, Ushas, the goddess of the dawn, or a metamorphosis of the sun. She wears a crown or a high cylindrical (or conical) tiara. She has a gentle expression, and wears a robe covering both shoulders.

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